Amazwi eminyaka yaMashinisi we-Solar nezinkulungwane | Minvon

Isibonelo senkumbulo nesikhumba sokugcina amandla angaphansi kwezulu

Abaningi abaningi bafundiswe ngokuthi kunezinkampani zokusebenzisa i-solar-plus-storage, kodwa abaningi ababhekise kakhulu ukuthi i-inverter ne-battery zenza ntoni.

Ngokusho kahle: Izinkampani zokusebenzisa i-solar zibhala umshilo wokuphakama kwezulu futhi zihlola i-electricity. I-inverter yisikhungo sokubeka amandla esiqondiso sesiqondiso sonke. I-battery yisikhungo esikhulu sokugcina amandla.

Kwesokuphi kuphela uma kubili kubonakaliswa kusobala ukuthi i-solar energy engavunyelwe ingakhululekile kufanele ibe yindlela eyinhloko yokuhlanganisa i-electricity eyenziwa ngokuphelele, eyinhliziyo, nokusebenza kumnyango.

Namuhla, sizokuvula lezi zimbili zezincampani ezinhloko ngolwimi oluphelele, sizokubonisa ubudlelwano bezizindaba zokusebenzisa i-solar-plus-storage, futhi sizokusiza ukungabikho emaphethini okukhetha okuningi.

1. I-inverter: Isikhungo Sokubeka Amandla Sesiqondiso Sokusebenzisa I-solar

Amaphethini omnyango wasekhaya ayathumela i-alternating current, noma i-AC. Amashini amaningi njenge-refrigerator, i-fans, i-lighting, ne-television zisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-AC.

Kodwa izikhumba zesola nezinkampani zokugcina amandla zithwala nokugcina amandla esikhathi sokuthwala (DC). Amadivayisi esikhathi sokuthwala ayisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo kumashini wasekhaya. Le nto yoba yisizinda sokuthi inverter ibalulekile: iyathwala amandla esikhathi sokuthwala ukuze iye kusikhathi sokuthwala (AC), futhi iyathwala kabusha amandla esikhathi sokuthwala uma kufuneka.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inverter ngu-"thwala amandla" esinye kuphela. Kodwa izinverter ezihlanganisiweyo zezinsukwane zenza ngaphezu kwalokho.

Ukusebenza Kwesinverter Ehlangukile

• MPPT – Ukutshaba Kuphela Umphumela Wokuthwala Okuphelele Inverter inehlelo le-MPPT eyetshaba umphumela wokuthwala wesikhathi sokuthwala esikhathi esifanayo. Uma ubuso besola ubuyisiza, liyaphatha amandla okuphelele akhona futhi liyenhance ukusebenzisa isola.
• Ukuthwala Kwamandla Ngokubuka Kabusha Ngemini, izikhumba zesola zithwala amandla esikhathi sokuthwala. Inqamba yalo yasebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamashini wasekhaya. Uma kunezinkinga eziningi, inverter iyabuyisiza futhi iyagcina kubatteri. Ngemva kwalokho noma ngeminyaka yezibhamu, ubatteri uyathwala amandla esikhathi sokuthwala, futhi inverter iyathwala kabusha ku-AC esihle, esisodwa ngokuphelele wasekhaya.
• Ukuvikela Kwesikhathi Sokuthwala Nokuguqula Isimo Kodwa umkhakha wasekhaya uyatholakala, isistimu iyasebenza ngendlela yokuxhuma kumkhakha. Uma umkhakha uphela, inverter enguqukile enobuchwepheshe iyakwakha kusukela kumkhakha kusukela kwezinye izindawo, futhi ibhayithari ibuyisa amandla okuphakamisa amandla okusebenza kwezinto ezingaphakamisa.
• Isidalwa Sokuphuma Ngokuphelele Inverter enhle iphatha amandla okusebenza ngokufanayo nokutholakala kumkhakha, okuyisibonelo sokuthola amandla okusebenza kwezinto ezihlukene njenge-TV nezinkompyutha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinverter ezingahleli zokubhala amandla okusebenza ngokufanayo kwezinto ezihlukene ziyakwakha ukuguqula kwezinhlobo zemikhakha kanye nokwakha kwezinto zokusebenza.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinverter

ithabuli

U i-Hybrid Inverter ayisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokugcina amandla kwe-solar kwezindlu.

2. I-battery: I-Granary Yokuhlanza Kwesolar

Ukuba i-inverter yinkomo yendawo, i-battery yindlela yokugcina amandla.

Ukuhlanza kwesolar kusho kakhulu ngemini, kodwa ukusebenzisa amandla kwezindlu kusho kakhulu ngemini emnye futhi ngomnyaka. Uma akukho i-battery, amandla okuhlanza angaphelela. I-battery iyagcina le-amandla okuhlanza futhi iyavumela uma kufuneka.

I-LiFePO4 Batteries Ayisibonelo Esihle Kakhulu

Iteknoloji eyisisekelo kwezindlu zokugcina amandla kuzo zonke zizoba ibhatere yelithiyamu yesilikonilephosifete , okushicileka njengako LiFePO4 .

Kulingana nezinye i-batteries zokugcina amandla zokubhala, i-LiFePO4 iyabona izimpumelelo ezingcono:

• Ukuqinisekisa okwanele kwezinkemikheli
• Ukugcwalisa Okungaphezulu Kokuqalaba
• Ukuphula kwempilo yezinkemikheli kungaphansi
• Isikhathi eside sokusebenza, ngokuvamile isikhathi sekholo sase-6,000 noma kangakanani
• Ukuthabatha kakhulu kwesibonelo
• Ukuguqula amandla angaphezulu
• Ukuphula kwamandla akhona kancane ekuthabatheni nokuthumela

Amabhatteri we-lead-acid, ngokuchazi, abanomkhathi omncane wokusebenza, ngokuvamile ubunyaka be-3–5 kuphela, futhi abangafanele kusetyenziswa kwezinkulungwane zokugcina ezintsha zemithombo yezindlu. Ngakho ke abasetyenziswa ngokushesha kulezi zinkulungwane zokugcina zemithombo yezindlu zase today.

BMS: Umphathi Wokuphatha Kwamabhatteri Ngokuphelele

Izinkulungwane zonke zokugcina zezinkemikheli ziyashicilela i- Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri , noma BMS. Khumbula ukuthi ngu-umphathi wokuphatha kwamabhatteri ngokuphelele.

Ibhasi le-battery liwakhiwe ngamakheli amaningi okungaqondana kahle. Amadoda amancane okuhambisana kwekheli kuyisahluko esihle, kodwa uma akubalangwa, kungabonakala ukuthi kunciphisa ukusebenza nokuthi kwenza izinkinga zokhuseleko.

I-BMS ibheka ngokuphinde-phinde:

• Ukuchaza kwekheli
• Umoya
• Izinga lokushisa
• Isimo sokufaka, noma SOC

Kwakho kwenza ukubalangwa kwesikhathi sokuzimela noma sokugcina, futhi inikeza ukulinda phansi kwe:

• Ukufaka kakhulu
• Ukufaka kancane
• Ukuvula kakhulu
• Ukuthanda kakhulu
• Ukuthanda kancane

Uma kubonakala kweminye imiphumela, i-BMS ingathintela umugqa ukukhupha ukuthi kungahleli. Uma i-BMS ayisebenzi, i-battery pack ingalwa ngokwezinye izinkulungwane zezinkulungwane, ukuthwasa, noma ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuthwasa.

3. I-Inverter ne-Battery Kufanele Bahlakanise Ngokuphelele

I-Inverter ne-battery ayizihlanganisi ngokushesha kuphela. Kufanele bakhulume futhi baphinde baphinde ngokuphelele.

I-Inverter ichaza amadatha asebenzayo esikhathi esihlukahlukene kwi-BMS yebhatari, okufaka kuwo:

• Isilinganiso sesilinganiso sesibhatari, noma i-SOC
• Isilinganiso sesibhatari
• Umkhuhlane wokuchoba okugcineni
• Isilinganiso sesikhwama sokuthwasa

Ngokwale mininingwane, i-inverter ichangeza isilinganiso sesikhwama sokucharga ngokushesha.

Kodwa isibhatari sifull, i-inverter isimisa ukucharga. Kodwa isibhatari sifika emlandweni wokuhlinzekwa, i-inverter isimisa ukuthwasa. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi isibhatari asithwase ngokuphelele futhi kusiza ukuthi kubheke kude.

Ukulingana Kwesikhathi Sokukhuluma Kuyisisekelo

Uma kufana kwe-inverter ne-battery kwe-protocol yokuhlanganisa okungafanele, izinkinga ezingaphakathi zingakhona, futhi zingaqondwa ngokuthi:

• Ukucharga okungabhekisiwe
• Ukungafuna kwezinkambo zokuvikela
• Ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-battery
• Ukuphakanyiswa kwemiphumela yezinhlanzi

Ngalesikhathi, kubhekeka kahle ukukhetha isistimu esithile, esifanele ngokuzenzakale, kunezinye izibhalo zokukhetha ngokushesha.

4. Izinkinga zokukhetha eziningi ezimelwe ukuzivikela

Izinkinga 1: Ukubona ukuthi i-battery enkulu kuyinto enenhle ngaso sonke isikhathi

Ukubala kwe-battery kufanele kufanele nesayizi yesolar array nezindleko zomkhakha wokusebenza kwesikhashana.

Uma isolar array isincane kakhulu, kungakho amandla angaphezulu ngemini ekhulula ukucharga i-battery enkulu. Ngalesikhathi, i-battery enkulu yayizoba yekhulisa izindleko kuphela ngaphandle kokuthi iyathola ubungakanani obungaphezulu.

Impoqo 2: Ukukhetha Iphower Yomshakeli Ngokuzwana

Iphower yomshakeli esibonisiweyo iyadetermina inani lezinto ezingaphatha ngokuhambisana.

Izinto eziphakeme kakhulu njengezilwane zokuphefumula nezilwane zokuphuma kwamanzi ziyabona ukuthi zihlala kakhulu. Uma iphower yomshakeli ibizwa, lezi zikhathi zokubuka kungazimisele ukuthi zithule izimpilo.

Impoqo 3: Ukuzibuyela Kwenkathelo Yokufaka

Umshekeli nesibhakabhaka singadinga ukuthi bafanele kakhulu nokuthi bafanele kakhulu ukuthi bafanele kakhulu.

Indawo eyenziwe ngokugcina, ene-temperature enhle, iyakhiyisa ukuthi isibhakabhaka sifanele kakhulu futhi siyakhiyisa isikhathi sokusebenza. Indawo ene-dampi kungayikhipha amandla okusakaza futhi kungahlinzeka ukuthi kuyasebenza kakhulu ngemva kwezinsuku eziningi.

5. Yini Okunokubika Ngokwesibhakabhaka Sokusha Kwamanzi?

Isibhakabhaka sokusha kwamanzi esihle kakhulu singabika iziphrofithi ezinamandla:

• Ukunciphisa imali yokuthenga amandla emazweni apho amandla ayathengiswa ngokuphakeme kakhulu
• Umdla wokubhala kabusha ngemikhawulo yokuqhubeka, ikakhulu ukusika kwezilampu, izinkampani zokuhlwa nokuthenga kwezincwadi
• Ukusebenzisa kwempilo yamandla engavunyelwa ngokuvutha kakhulu ukusebenzisa kwe-solar power
• Ukuphazimula ukubhekana nezindlu zokuphatha amandla futhi ukunciphisa amandla okugcina kwezindlu

Ngakho-ke, ukugcina kwe-solar akuyona ngokuphelele yokungasenzi lokugcina.

Ukugcina okulula kufaka ku:

• Ukuhlola izibonelo zokubalwa ngokuphelele
• Ukuhlanganisa izivuthi ezingafanele
• Ukuhlola ukuthi kubhala kakhulu
• Ukuhlola amatereminali ngokuphakathi
• Ukugcina izinkampani eziyisisekelo, ezilahle, nezilungile ukusuka kwezinye izinto
• Ungakwazi ukususa isikhombisa noma ibhatari ngaphandle kokufundwa ngokuphelele

Ngokukhetha kahle, ukufaka ngokuphelele, nokuhlola ngokuphakathi, isikhombisa noma ibhatari lingasebenza ngokuphelele ngeminyaka eyingaphezulu.

Isifinyezo

Isikhombisa sibhekisele ku:

• Ukuguqula i-DC/AC
• Ukuphakamisa imali
• Ukuguqula imodi
• Ukuvikela Isistimu

Ibhatari ibhekisele ku:

• Ukuhlanza imithwalo yomoya wokushisa wesolile
• Ukukhupha umoya wokushisa lapho kufuneka
• Ukuvikela amaseli ngokusebenzisa i-BMS

Kusobala, bavakhe isistimu esifanele sokushisa wesolile esihlukaniswe ngokwesibonelo.

Ukukhetha ukubambisana kwe-inverter ne-battery okuhle kuyisisekelo sokuvikela, ukuthula nokuphila kude. Kwanoma kuphi lokho, umoya wokushisa wesolile uyakwakha umoya wokushisa wokuhle wendawo.

Uma ubhekene nesiprojekthi yokuhlanza umoya wokushisa endaweni yakho, qala ngokubheka isikhundla sakho sesolile esihlukaniswe ngokwesibonelo ne-profil yomsebenzi wakho wosuku sonke. Emva kwalokho, qinisa isivinini se-inverter nezinhlobo zebattery ngokulandela.